Common Molecules, Structures and Names

Common Molecules, Structures and Names

IUPAC name: Propane
Molecular formula: C3H8

IUPAC name: Propane. The green represents the Carbon and the white represents the Hydrogen.

IUPAC name: Acetic acid
Molecular formula:C2H4O2

IUPAC name: Acetic acid. The pink represents the Carbon, the green represents the Hydrogen, and the white represents the oxygen.

IUPAC name: Proline
Molecular formula: C5H9NO2

IUPAC name: Proline. The green represents Carbon, the white represents Hydrogen, the purple represents Nitrogen, and the pink represents oxygen.

a. Tetradecanol

a.       IUPAC name: Tetradecan-1-ol

b.      Common name(s): Myristyl alcohol, Tetradecyl alcohol

c.       Molecule formula: C14H30O

b.      Maltitol

a.       IUPAC name: Glucopyranosyl

b.      Common name(s): Amalty, Lesys, Maltisweet, SweetPearl

c.       Molecule formula: C₁₂H₂₄O₁₁

c.        Magnesium stearate

a.       IUPAC name: Magnesium octadecanoate

b.      Common name(s): octadecanoic acid, magnesium salt

c.       Molecule formula: Mg(C18H35O2)2

d.      Niacin

a.       IUPAC name: pyridine-3-carboxylic acid

b.      Common name(s): Bionic, Vitamin B₃

c.       Molecule formula: C6NH5O2

e.       Glycerol monostearate

a.       IUPAC name: 2,3-Dihydroxypropyl octadecanoate

b.      Common name(s): Glycerin monostearate, Monostearin

c.       Molecule formula: C₂₁H₄₂O₄

f.       Stearic acid

a.       IUPAC name: Octadecanoic acid

b.      Common name(s): stearic acid

c.       Molecule formula: C₁₈H₃₆O₂

g.      Folic acid

a.       IUPAC name: (2S)-2-[(4-{[(2-amino-4-hydroxypteridin-6yl)methyl]amino}phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid

b.      Common name(s): glutamic acid,  Vitamin B₉, Folacin

c.       Molecule formula: C₁₉H₁₉N₇O₆

h.      Titanium dioxide

a.       IUPAC name: Titanium dioxide

b.      Common name(s): Titania, Rutile

c.       Molecule formula: TiO2

i.        Tetrasodium pyrophosphate

a.       IUPAC name: Tetrasodium diphosphate

b.      Common name(s): Pyrophosphate, Sodium pyrophosphate, Tetrasodium pyrophosphate

c.       Molecule formula: Na₄O₇P₂

k.      Cocamidopropyl betaine

a.       IUPAC name: {[3-(Dodecanoylamino)propyl](dimethyl)ammonio}acetate

b.      Common name(s): Dodecanamidopropyl)dimethylaminio]acetate

c.       Molecule formula: C₁₉H₃₈N₂O₃

l.        Copper gluconate

a.       IUPAC name: Copper(II) gluconate

b.      Common name(s): Copper gluconate

c.       Molecule formula: C₁₂H₂₂CuO₁₄

m.    Sodium chloride

a.       IUPAC name: Sodium chloride

b.      Common name(s): Common salt, Halite, Rock salt

c.       Molecule formula: NaCl

n.      tert-Butylhydroquinone

a.       IUPAC name: 2-(1,1-Dimethylethyl)-1,4-benzenediol

b.      Common name(s): TBHQ

c.       Molecule formula: C₁₀H₁₄O₂

o.      Propylene glycol

a.       IUPAC name: Propane-1,2-diol

b.      Common name(s): Propylene glycol

c.       Molecule formula: C₃H₈O₂

p.      Riboflavin

a.       IUPAC name: 7,8-Dimethyl-10-[(2S,3S,4R)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl]benzo[g]pteridine-2,4-dione

b.      Common name(s): vitamin B₂

c.       Molecule formula: C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆

q.      glycerin

a.       IUPAC name: propane-1,2,3-triol

b.      Common name(s): glycerin, glycerine, propanetriol

c.       Molecule formula: C₃H₈O₃

r.        Citric acid

a.       IUPAC name: 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid

b.      Common name(s): 3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid, 2-hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic aci

c.       Molecule formula: C₆H₈O₇

s.       Polydimethylsiloxane 

a.       IUPAC name: poly(dimethylsiloxane)

b.      Common name(s): PDMS, dimethicone, E900

c.       Molecule formula: (C₂H₆OSi)_n

t.        Dipotassium phosphate

a.       IUPAC name: Potassium hydrogen phosphate

b.      Common name(s): Potassium monohydrogen, phosphate, Phosphoric acid

c.       Molecule formula: K₂HPO₄

        

Look over your molecules and the bonding characteristics, how many bonds does each of the following elements typically have?

• Carbon: 4
• Hydrogen: 1
• Oxygen: 2

What does IUPAC stand for?

• International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

As you explore ingredients, notice how everything around us is made up of chemicals consisting of atoms bound together into molecules.  But what about companies that claim their products are chemical free! How can this be?  

• The company says that this product is chemical free, but technically it is not chemical free. Typically, when companies say chemical free they usually use ingredients such as vinegar, lemon juice, and baking powder.  Those ingredients are effective cleaning products and do not affect the environment negatively, but they are still chemicals.  Just because they contain natural ingredients which make them seem “less chemical” doesn't mean there are no chemicals, most of those natural ingredients contain many chemical compounds found in nature. Most likely all cleaning products that say “chemical free” do contain some type of chemical.