States of Matter and Intermolecular Forces

States of Matter and Intermolecular Forces

0°F=255.37 K

32°F= 273. 15 K

70°F=294.26 K

212°F=373.15 K

Name: Emily Minniecheske              Date: 1/20/14                      

Class:  Visualizing Chemistry                       States of Matter Simulation Lab

States of Matter Simulation Lab

Before you open the simulation:

PREDICT

1. Draw a diagram below showing what you think the molecules will look like for each state of matter, solid, liquid, and gas. Write a sentence below each diagram predicting what the motion of the molecules will be like.

	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Diagram of molecules
Sentence explaining how molecules will be moving.	They will stay close together hardly move.	They will be separated but will take the shape of the container.	They will bounce all over in the container.

2. If you start with a substance as a solid, what will happen to the molecules as you add thermal energy (heat)?  

It will eventually turn into a liquid and then a gas as the temperature rises

ONCE YOU HAVE COMPLETED THIS PAGE, YOU MAY BEGIN THE SIMULATION.
Open the simulation. You will find it in a folder on your desktop labeled “States of Matter Simulation.”

INVESTIGATE:

3. Use the menu on the right side of the program to select Water and Solid. Draw and describe what you see in the space below.

Diagram	Description
	The molecules are bouncing around but they are still sticking together.  The molecules are shaking very quickly.

4. Now, use the slider on the bottom of the program to Add Heat. Notice the thermometer at the top of the program. What temperature scale is this thermometer showing?         Kelvin                        

5. What happens to the water as you increase the temperature?          The molecules begin to spread out and separate with each other.  They are turning into liquid and then a gas.

6. What is the melting/freezing point of water in Kelvin?            373.33 K /273 .15    

7. Add heat until the temperature is just below and then just above the melting point of water. How is water different below its melting point and above it?     It is about the same. 

8. Draw and describe what water looks like as a liquid.

Diagram	Description
	They are in a pretty tight group that is bouncing pretty fast.  They are moving around closely.

9. What is the boiling/condensation point of water in Kelvin?   373.15 K                                            

10. Continue to add heat until you are just below and then just above the boiling point of water. How is water different below its boiling point and above it?       They are about the same.                                        

11. Draw and describe what water looks like as a gas.

Diagram	Description
	The molecules are bouncing abour everywhere without staying in a clump.

12. Choose one of the other three substances listed in the menu on the right. Investigate what happens when you add and remove heat from this substance. Use the buttons on the right to see this substance as a solid, liquid, and gas. Draw and describe its properties in the table below.

Substance Selected: Neon                                                  

	Solid	Liquid	Gas
Diagram of molecules
Sentence explaining how molecules are moving.	They are shivering in a tight close together group.	They are in a looser group and moving around quickly.	They are really spread out, they are moving everywhere.

ANALYZE:

13. How was this substance similar to water in each state of matter? How was it different?             Solid: neon was closer together into a space while water was still connected but more spread out.  Liquid: the water is shivering quicker and using a little more space.  Gas: the water is moving much more quickly and bouncing around more.                                                                                          

14. Were your predictions (see p. 1) correct or incorrect? Explain.      They were correct because I knew that solids would be closest together and gasses furthest apart. 

BONUS: Optional, worth up to 10 points added to the lab’s final grade

15. Choose a substance other than water from the menu on the right side of the program. Use the slider to add and remove heat. Based on what the molecules do, figure out the approximate temperatures of the melting point and boiling point of this substance. (Hint: The temperatures given when you click solid, liquid, and gas are NOT the melting and boiling points.)

Substance:      Argon                                    

Melting Point:            92 K                           

How did you figure it out?   It starts to look more like a liquid because it is moving around more and taking up more space. 

Boiling Point:                         199 K                         

How did you figure it out?   The molecules are starting to spread out and take up the whole container.    

Describe how the water molecules are aligned and attracted to each other. Which atoms are attracted to which other atoms?

They are mostly attracted by the hydrogen atoms. 

Report a temperature and pressure required to make oxygen a liquid. 

Temperature: 493 K

Pressure: 19-20 ATM

C.4.6 Communicate the results of their investigations in ways their audiences will understand by using charts, graphs, drawings, written descriptions, and various other means, to display their answers.

We used charts and drawings to show our observations, predictions, and answers.

D.4.5 Construct simple models of what is happening to materials and substances undergoing change, using simple instruments or tools to aid observations and collect data.

We noticed that the molecules and compounds change from solid to liquid to gas.